Fatehpur Sikri, a city predominantly in red sandstone, is located in the Agra District of Uttar Pradesh, India. Founded as the capital of the Mughal Empire in 1571 by Emperor Akbar, it served this role from 1571 to 1585. The city’s name is derived from the village called Sikri which previously occupied the location.
History
The region was settled by Sungas following their expansion and was controlled by Sakarwar Rajputs from the 7th to 16th century CE until the Battle of Khanwa (1527). Akbar’s son, Jahangir, was born in the village of Sikri to his favorite wife Mariam-uz-Zamani in 1569. In that year, Akbar began construction of a religious compound to commemorate the Sheikh who had predicted the birth. After Jahangir’s second birthday, he began the construction of a walled city and imperial palace here. The city came to be known as Fatehpur Sikri, the “City of Victory”, after Akbar’s victorious Gujarat campaign in 1573.
Architecture
The city is bounded on three sides by a wall 6 km long fortified by towers and pierced by nine gates. The buildings are constructed in red sandstone with little use of marble. The city was originally rectangular in plan, with a grid pattern of roads and by-lanes which cut at right angles, and featured an efficient drainage and water management system. The well-defined administrative block, royal palaces, and Jama Masjid are located in the center of the city.
Major Attractions
Some of the major attractions in Fatehpur Sikri include Diwan-I-Aam, Diwan I Khas, Ibadat Khana, Panch Mahal, Tomb of Salim Chisti, Jama Masjid, Buland Darwaza, Mariam-uz-Zamani’s Palace, Hiran Minar, Birbal’s House, Daftar Khana, Khwabgah, Lower Haramsara, and Naubat Khana.
How to Reach
The nearest airport to Fatehpur Sikri is Agra Airport (AGR / VIAG), located in Agra, India. The nearest railway station is Agra Cantt.
Best Time to Visit
The best time to visit Fatehpur Sikri is during the cooler dry weather from November to March. It’s open from sunrise until sunset.
Conclusion
Fatehpur Sikri is a testament to the architectural grandeur of the Mughal era. Its historical importance and outstanding architecture led to it being awarded the status of UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1986. A visit to this city offers a glimpse into the rich history and architectural brilliance of the Mughal Empire.
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